Basic overview
Thermal insulation material is generally less than or equal to 0.2 of the thermal conductivity of the material.
In the construction and industrial use of good thermal insulation technology and materials, often can play a multiplier effect. Statistics show that the construction of the use of a ton of mineral wool insulation products, a year can save a ton of oil. Beijing court in North District was such that, the coal saving rate per unit area per year for 11.91 kilograms of standard coal / m2. Industrial equipment and pipe insulation, using good insulation measures and materials, can significantly reduce the energy consumption and production costs, improve the environment, and have better economic benefits. Such as: industrial equipment and pipeline engineering, good thermal insulation conditions, can make the heat loss reduction of about 95%, usually used in thermal insulation material of investment about a year or so can be recovered by saving energy.
Before 1980, China insulation materials, the development is very slow, the number of insulation material factory can produce a small amount of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, slag cotton, superfine glass cotton and microporous calcium silicate and other products, mineral wool factory rarely, production capacity of less than ten thousand tons, scattered cotton, calcium silicate insulation material is only three, with an annual output of 8000 cubic meters. Product quantity, quality can not meet the requirements.
The main energy saving and heat preservation material is as follows: mineral wool and mineral wool is a kind of high quality heat preservation material, has the history of 100 years of production and application.

 

Basic features
Light weight, generally 10 - 96kg / m3, 20kg / m3 below is felt, 24 - 48kg / m3 for cardboard, 48 - 96kg / m3 for cardboard, the 48kg / m3 to do the ceiling, the softening point is about 500 DEG C, holding 300 DEG C, American consumption larger, k = 0.9.
Calcium silicate insulation products in the domestic 70 years of successful development, with high compressive strength, small thermal conductivity, easy construction, can be used repeatedly, in the power system is widely used.
The most common for small workshop style production, one after another from the United States introduced four production lines, advanced technology, instant speed jilt into fiber, dry needle felt, stable quality, can withstand temperature of 800 - 1250 C.
Characteristics: the acidity of more than 2, high temperature, general chemical pipeline 1000 degrees C, must use this material. Solution temperature at 2000 C.
Foamed plastics is made of synthetic resin, with many small holes of plastic products, it has a low thermal conductivity, processing, and other advantages, in the construction of the first use. Mainly used for the packaging industry (such as refrigerators), buried pipeline insulation, cold insulation.
The main products are polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam, but there are problems in the application of the construction field. In recent years, it has been used in the steel wire mesh sandwich panel, color steel plate composite sandwich plate, although it has certain limitation.

 

Exterior wall heat preservation material
One, external wall insulation materials: 1, silicate insulating materials 2, powder polystyrene particles 3, wire mesh mining cement foam board Shu Leban 4, extruded plate
Two, 1, XPS roofing materials: Brick board 2, EPS foam board 3, perlite and perlite, vermiculite and vermiculite brick 4
Three, heat, air conditioning materials: polyurethane, rubber sponge, polyethylene, polystyrene foam, glass wool, rock wool
Four, steel material: polystyrene, extruded board, polyurethane board, glass wool etc..

 

Heat insulation material
R & D background: the traditional thermal insulation material is to improve the gas phase void ratio, reduce the heat conduction coefficient and the transmission coefficient. In order to increase the heat transfer and radiation heat transfer, the fiber insulation material must have a thick coating, and the shape of the material to be used in the construction, there are many defects, such as many joints, beautiful appearance, waterproof, short service life and so on. To this end, people have been seeking and studying a new type of material which can greatly improve the thermal insulation of the insulation material.
In the last century 90's, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists developed a new type of space thermal reflective ceramic layer (Therma-Cover), which is a kind of micro ceramic particles suspended in an inert latex. This high-tech material is used in the field of foreign countries to promote the application to the people, for the construction and industrial facilities, and has been exported to China, for some large industrial facilities. But the expensive price is a fly in the ointment, the $20 /kg really makes many domestic industries look things helplessly, unbearable. As a result, domestic quietly set R & D heat insulation upsurge of new materials and Guobang technology development center has taken the lead in the domestic counterparts in the development is high, thin layer chromatography (TLC), heat insulation and energy saving, decorative waterproof in one of the new space reflective insulation coating. The coating material is made of excellent heat resistance, weather resistance, corrosion resistance and waterproof properties. It is used as the material of space age materials. It is composed of hollow ceramic composite array. It has high reflection on the 400~1800nm range of visible light and near infrared region. By intensifying the obvious impedance of the solar heat and convection, the radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer can be effectively reduced, and the heat balance temperature of the object surface can be reduced, and the roof temperature can be decreased by 20, and the indoor temperature can be reduced by 5~10. The product insulation level reached R-33.3, the thermal reflectance was 89%, the thermal conductivity was 0.030W/m.K.
Development trend: building insulation is an important aspect of saving energy, improving the living environment and using function. Building energy consumption in the entire energy consumption in the proportion of the general in the 30-40%, the vast majority of heating and air conditioning energy consumption, it is important to building energy saving. And because the heat insulation coating to water as the dilution medium, does not contain volatile organic solvents, the human and the environment without harm; the production cost is only about 1/5, and it is a new type of heat insulation coating, has good economic benefits, energy saving, heat insulation effect and construction is more and more attention and favor. And this kind of space thermal insulation reflective coatings is changing from the thermal insulation and heat insulation of the building to building heat insulation and heat preservation. Space reflective insulation coating by vacuum cavity formed by the application of ceramic ball type hollow particle materials in the coating layer, and build effective thermal barrier, not only its thermal resistance, low thermal conductivity, heat and high reflectivity, reduce the building of solar radiation absorption of heat, reduce coating surface and interior temperature, so it is experts unanimously recognized as one of the prospects for the development of efficient energy-saving materials.
Today, the global thermal insulation material is moving towards high efficiency, energy saving, thin layer, heat insulation, waterproof and integrated direction, in the development of new insulation materials and in line with the structure of energy-saving technology, more emphasis on the use of insulation materials, according to the standard design and construction, efforts to improve the insulation efficiency and reduce costs. In recent years, the domestic and foreign have spread thin layer heat insulation coating, the United States has a number of companies to produce this kind of insulating ceramic coating, such as the United States Thermo-Shield Thermal, Protective Systems Ceramic-Cover launched J.H.International, Therma-Cover SPM and other products. The space thermal insulation layer is made of the working principle of the NASA control of the space shuttle, which is suitable for high pressure spray and no pollution. At present, the material has turned to the general industrial and civil heat insulation. And there are many enterprises in the domestic R & D of the material, such as thin layer heat insulation reflective coatings, solar heat reflective coatings, water-based reflective insulation coatings, thermal insulation, ceramic insulation coatings, etc.. Mainly is the good weather resistance, water resistance, aging resistance, strong adhesive force and elastic, and with heat insulating filler, reflective filler phase solubility film-forming materials, select quality light hollow, high temperature resistance, high heat resistance, and has good reflection and radiation of the filler, high refraction coefficient, surface smooth degree is high, the heat reflectance and radiation rate is high of ultrafine powder is suitable for reflective filler, and binder together constitute a low heat radiation layer, can effectively prevent the heat transfer. This thin layer of reflective heat insulating coating and porous material composite used for buildings, vehicles, ships, and petrochemical tank equipment and grain storage, cold storage, a container, pipeline and other places of different coating.

 

Plate heat preservation material
In a broad sense, the use of heat insulation material, the use of the area and the scope of the wide, can be used in the external wall insulation works, but also in the external wall heat preservation project. Plate heat insulation materials insulation main body can is expanded polystyrene board, extruded polystyrene board, rock wool board, glass wool board of different materials. Plate heat preservation and heat insulation material can be divided into a single thermal insulation material and insulation materials, in the application process should pay attention to the following issues:
(a) single thermal insulation material, is the main body of the heat insulation engineering, in the use of other materials in the process of cooperation. Such as: foam polystyrene plate type, extrusion type polystyrene board, rock wool board, glass wool board, before use to test the following test content:
1, thermal conductivity (K - W/m): this technology is the key factor in the effect of heat preservation, the laboratory test is in the material drying to the constant weight, and the application of material is in the air containing a certain humidity conditions, therefore, when using a certain coefficient; or, directly to the use of material adjustment to the use of environmental conditions.
2, apparent density (Kg/m3): the apparent density of the material affects its thermal conductivity, apparent density of the material will directly lead to its physical properties, such as strength, dimensional stability and so on.
3, compressive strength (MPa): the compressive stress of the specimen under the 10% deformation. It is related to the durability and impact resistance of the surface layer system.
4, the size of the change rate (mm): a large change in the size of the material will lead to the system surface layer of the cracking.
5, water vapor penetration coefficient [ng/ (PA - M - s)]: the performance decides the performance of water vapor transmission, in a certain extent determines the metope condensation or not.
6, oxygen index: need to fire, or fire can not reach the standard.
System heat preservation material
System heat preservation material is a single insulation material and other auxiliary materials composite and become a system, known as the system insulation materials. The existing system heat preservation materials are as follows:
1, exterior insulation system: expanded polystyrene board (or extrusion type polystyrene board) + alkali resistant fiberglass mesh + containing adhesive polymer mortar, such as special Witt exterior insulation system, Beijing founding of exterior insulation system, Preswitt insulation system;
External insulation system to test the project:
A, heat transfer coefficient:
The thermal insulation effect of the composite after the system heat preservation material and the main structure is affected by the construction quality and the environment temperature and humidity, so it has to be tested in the field. According to the Ministry of construction "civil building energy conservation and thermal design specifications," 26-95 JGJ and the "rules" for the target, not less than the limit value;
B, water resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, weather resistance, impact resistance, wind pressure: as the external heat insulation, the surface of the direct contact with the outside environment must resist the bad factors such as rain, freezing and thawing, impact and strong winds, etc..
And the outer insulation, the tensile strength of the supporting system of alkali resistant fiberglass mesh should be greater than 200N/cm, alkali residual tensile strength shall be not less than 150 more than or equal to N / cm; the seven days of the adhesive tensile bond strength should be greater than 1 MPa, water resistance, resistance after freezing and thawing tensile bond strength should be greater than 0.9mpa.
2, insulation systems: artillery polystyrene board (or extruded polystyrene board) + gypsum board, GRC insulation board (artillery type polystyrene board and cement mortar composite); rock wool sandwich insulation board; reinforced cement polystyrene insulation boards.

 

Slurry heat preservation material
Slurry heat preservation material is mainly used for external wall heat preservation, can also be used for wall and wall insulation, such as performance, can also be used for external wall insulation. There are two types of slurry materials, one is the cementitious material, the main type of curing type, one is based on the evaporation of water dry type. The main component is dominated by sepiolite (polystyrene particle), mineral fiber, silicate of a variety of materials, through a certain production process complex and light thermal insulation material. Its products have powder and paste (paste like) two types, but the use of the slurry on the base. When using the following test data:
(a) for insulation and wall: thermal conductivity, density, volume shrinkage rate, adhesive strength, softening coefficient, asbestos content, water vapor permeability coefficient, water absorption rate, oxygen index value.
(two) the thermal conductivity, apparent density, volume shrinkage, bond strength, water absorption rate, asbestos content, softening coefficient, water absorption, fire resistance, etc..
Whether it is a plate heat insulation material or paste heat insulation material has its own characteristics, as long as the adaptation of its characteristics, to maximize its advantages, the construction of energy-saving play a multiplier effect.

 

Rubber insulation material
Characteristic
Fire: National Fire building materials quality supervision and inspection center test for B1 grade, in line with the national standard GB8624-1997.
Shock: material is PEVA high foam material, heat insulation board, soft and elastic pipe, so as to achieve a good effect of shock.
Heat insulation: the structure of an independent bubble, no air convection, heat conduction coefficient <0. 0325W/MK.
Sound insulation: an independent close chamber, sound insulation resistance, can be used for noise reduction project requirements.
Temperature: in the environment of +89, -60, no material change, suitable for the refrigeration engineering projects.
Waterproof material: PEVA plastic sealed bubble structure, each air chamber is closed.
Corrosion: the material is a polymer, can completely prevent the erosion of acid and alkali salt.
Processing: easy to cut, easy bonding, soft material, rich elasticity, especially for the installation of facilities.